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:''This article is about the historical subregion in Eurasia. See [[Armenian Highland]] for the geographical region.'' | :''This article is about the historical subregion in Eurasia. See [[Armenian Highland]] for the geographical region.'' | ||
'''Western Armenia''' ([[Western Armenian language|Western]] {{lang-hy|Արեւմտեան Հայաստան ''Arevmdian Hayasdan'') which may also be referred to geographically as '''Anatolian Armenia'''{{Citation needed|date=August 2011 | '''Western Armenia''' ([[Western Armenian language|Western]] {{lang-hy|Արեւմտեան Հայաստան ''Arevmdian Hayasdan'') which may also be referred to geographically as '''Anatolian Armenia''' {{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} or politically as '''[[Byzantine Armenia]]''' and later '''Turkish Armenia''' or '''Ottoman Armenia'''}} is a term coined following the division of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Greater Armenia]] between [[Eastern Roman Empire]] (''Western Armenia'') and [[Persia]] (''Eastern Armenia'', [[Persarmenia]]) in 387.<ref name=slovari33200>[http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00075/33200.htm Феодальный строй], Great Soviet Encyclopedia {{ru icon}}</ref><ref name=dre0218>[http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/monarchsancienteast/article/dre/dre-0218.htm Рыжов К. В. Все монархи мира: Древний Восток: (Справочник). - М.: Вече, 2006] {{ru icon}}</ref> | ||
Nowadays, it commonly refers to the portion of Greater Armenia that is currently located in the [[Republic of Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.ourararat.com/maps/e_sevrimap.jpg Map of Western Armenia during WWI]</ref> | Nowadays, it commonly refers to the portion of Greater Armenia that is currently located in the [[Republic of Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.ourararat.com/maps/e_sevrimap.jpg Map of Western Armenia during WWI]</ref> | ||
Version vom 2. August 2011, 01:36 Uhr
- This article is about the historical subregion in Eurasia. See Armenian Highland for the geographical region.
Western Armenia (Western Vorlage:Lang-hy is a term coined following the division of Greater Armenia between Eastern Roman Empire (Western Armenia) and Persia (Eastern Armenia, Persarmenia) in 387.[1][2]
Nowadays, it commonly refers to the portion of Greater Armenia that is currently located in the Republic of Turkey.[3]
History
After the death of Armenian king Arshak III in 390 AD, the area of Roman Armenia called Western Armenia was governed by Byzantine generals.[2][4] In the 7th century Western Armenia was one of the centers of the Paulicians, a Christian popular sect.[5] Since 9th century the larger part of Western Armenia, as well as Vaspurakan and Taron, were under the rule of Bagratid dynasty of Armenia. Then the Zakarid Armenia of 13-14th centuries included some parts of Western Armenia.
After Turkish-Persian wars of 1602-1639 Western Armenia became part of Ottoman Empire.[1] Since Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 that term is referred to the Armenian-populated historical regions of the Ottoman Empire that remained under Ottoman rule after the eastern part was ceded to the Russian Empire.
Western (Ottoman) Armenia was composed of six vilayets (vilâyat-ı sitte), the vilayets of Erzurum, Van, Bitlis, Diyarbekir, Kharput, and Sivas.[6] During the collapse of Ottoman Empire Western Armenia remained under Turkish rule, and in 1894–96 and 1915 the Ottoman Empire perpetrated systematic massacres and forced deportations of Armenians[7] resulting in the Armenian Genocide. The Administration for Western Armenia (Free Vaspurakan) was a provisional Armenian government in areas of Western Armenia under Russian occupation from 1915–1918.
After the Armenian genocide the distinct Western Armenian[8] dialect of the Armenian language (recognized as one of the major dialects of Armenian[9]) is spoken primarily in Istanbul, Lebanon, Egypt, other parts of Armenian diaspora, and formerly in eastern Turkey.[10] It differs orthographically from Eastern Armenian, there are also phonological differences. In some parts of the diaspora, the Armenian schools, such as L'École Arménienne Sourp Hagop and the Armenian Sisters Academy instruct Western Armenian to the students, instead of Eastern Armenian, the official dialect of the Republic of Armenia.
Modern period
The fate of Western Armenia — commonly referred to as "The Armenian Question" — is considered as a key issue in the modern history of the Armenian people.[11] The first and second congresses of Western Armenians took place in Yerevan in 1917 and 1919. Since 2000, an organizing committee of congress of heirs of Western Armenians who survived the Armenian Genocide is active in diasporan communities.[12]
Demographics
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in the Six Vilayets (Erzerum, Van, Bitlis, Mamuret-ül Aziz, Diyarbekir and Sivas vilayets) of Eastern Anatolia according to Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople.[13] [14]
| Ethnic groups | Erzurum | Van | Bitlis | Mamuret-ül Aziz | Diyarbekir | Sivas | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenians | 215,000 | 185,000 | 180,000 | 168,000 | 105,000 | 165,000 | 1,018,000 | 38.93 |
| Turks | 240,000 | 47,000 | 40,000 | 102,00 | 45,000 | 192,000 | 666.000 | 25.47 |
| Sedentary Kurds | 35,000 | 32,000 | 35,000 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 35,000 | 242,000 | 9.25 |
| Nomadic Kurds | 40,000 | 40,000 | 42,000 | 20,000 | 25,000 | 15,000 | 182,000 | 6.96 |
| Qizilbash | 25,000 | 8,000 | 80,00 | 27,000 | 140,000 | 5.35 | ||
| Nestorians, Jacobites, Chaldeans | 18,000 | 15,000 | 5,000 | 60,000 | 25,000 | 123,000 | 4.7 | |
| Zaza, Tambli, Tohariklis | 30,000 | 47,000 | 77,000 | 2.94 | ||||
| Circassians | 7,000 | 10,000 | 45,000 | 62,000 | 2.37 | |||
| Greeks and other Christians | 12,000 | 30,000 | 42,000 | 1.61 | ||||
| Yazidis | 3,000 | 25,000 | 5,000 | 4,000 | 37,000 | 1.41 | ||
| Persians | 13,000 | 13,000 | 0.5 | |||||
| Lazs | 10,000 | 10,000 | 0.38 | |||||
| Gipsies | 3,000 | 3,000 | 0.11 | |||||
| TOTAL | 630,000 | 350,000 | 382,000 | 450,000 | 296,000 | 507,000 | 2,615,000 | 100 |
According to the Ottoman census of 1914, there were 628,928 Armenians in the Six Vilayets of Eastern Anatolia and a total of 1,219,323 Armenians in in the Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire.[15]
- Geographic and Demographic maps
-
1893-96, Armenian population -
1914, Armenian population. -
Ethnic map of Six vilayets (Western Armenia) according to the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1912.
Regions
See also
- Six vilayets
- Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman Armenian population
- Administration for Western Armenia
- Kingdom of Armenia
- Russian Armenia
- Wilsonian Armenia
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Феодальный строй, Great Soviet Encyclopedia Vorlage:Ru icon
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Рыжов К. В. Все монархи мира: Древний Восток: (Справочник). - М.: Вече, 2006 Vorlage:Ru icon
- ↑ Map of Western Armenia during WWI
- ↑ s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Mesrob
- ↑ Византия, Great Soviet Encyclopedia Vorlage:Ru icon
- ↑ Armenia
- ↑ Britannica Online: Armenia
- ↑ АРМЯНСКИЙ ЯЗЫК, «Литературная энциклопедия» (М., 1929-1939. Т. 1-11) Vorlage:Ru icon
- ↑ http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/search/collections.html
- ↑ UCLA Language materials Project page: Armenian
- ↑ Arman J. Kirakossian, British Diplomacy and the Armenian Question, from the 1830s to 1914
- ↑ WESTERN ARMENIANS ARE PREPARING, A1plus, 16 November, 2007
- ↑ "The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 1915-1916" by JAMES VISCOUNT BRYCE, London, T. Fisher Unwin Ltd., 1916
- ↑ "The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 1915-1916" by JAMES VISCOUNT BRYCE, London, T. Fisher Unwin Ltd., 1916
- ↑ 1914 Ottoman Census[1]
Further reading
- Arman J. Kirakosian, "English Policy towards Western Armenia and Public Opinion in Great Britain (1890-1900)", Yerevan, 1981, 26 p. (in Armenian and Russian).
External links
- Disappearance of Western Armenia after World War 1
- Video: Provinces of Western Armenia
- Radio Television Western Armenia
fr:Arménie occidentale hy:Արևմտյան Հայաստան it:Armenia occidentale pt:Armênia Ocidental ru:Западная Армения simple:Western Armenia sv:Västarmenien Ġ